Valoración inicial de enfermería en emergencias psiquiátricas: revisión sistemática / Initial nursing assessment in psychiatric emergencies: a systematic review / Avaliação inicial de enfermagem em emergências psiquiátricas: uma revisão sistemática

Un porcentaje significativo de las emergencias hospitalarias son psiquiátricas; por lo que, durante la práctica clínica diaria, el personal de enfermería debe atender a pacientes con síntomas mentales y signos conductuales. Para tomar decisiones que permitan afrontar dichas urgencias, el profesional de enfermería requiere realizar una adecuada valoración para establecer las necesidades reales del paciente. Objetivo. Identificar los instrumentos utilizados por el servicio de enfermería para una valoración inicial efectiva en emergencias psiquiátricas. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática cuya búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed. La ecuación empleada fue la base de datos Scopus se utilizaron (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); en PubMed se usaron (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis), a partir de metodo de busqyeda empleado se obtuvo un total de 802 fuentes que pasaron por un proceso de selección quedando para el análisis de 22 publicaciones. Conclusión. Las entrevistas y cuestionarios se erigen como una herramienta indispensable. Permiten establecer un vínculo directo con el paciente, identificar sus preocupaciones, síntomas y necesidades específicas, garantizando así su bienestar físico y emocional desde el inicio de la atención. El uso de las escalas de medición varía de acuerdo a la enfermedad del paciente, el sistema de clasificación más utilizada es la CIE-10 y que los registros clínicos sobre antecedentes familiares y de sustancias, además de los aspectos sociodemográficos, son los más usados y permiten visualizar el perfil general del paciente de emergencias psiquiátricas.

A significant percentage of hospital emergencies are psychiatric; therefore, during daily clinical practice, the nursing staff must attend patients with mental symptoms and behavioral signs. In order to make decisions to deal with such emergencies, the nursing professional requires an adequate assessment to establish the real needs of the patient. Objective. To identify the instruments used by the nursing service for an effective initial assessment in psychiatric emergencies. Methodology. A systematic review was carried out using the Scopus and PubMed databases. The equation used was the Scopus database (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); in PubMed (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis); from the search method used, a total of 802 sources were obtained which went through a selection process leaving 22 publications for analysis. Conclusion. Interviews and questionnaires are an indispensable tool. They allow establishing a direct link with the patient, identifying their concerns, symptoms and specific needs, thus guaranteeing their physical and emotional well-being from the beginning of care. The use of measurement scales varies according to the patient's disease; the most commonly used classification system is the ICD-10 and clinical records on family and substance history, in addition to sociodemographic aspects, are the most used and allow visualizing the general profile of the psychiatric emergency patient.

Uma porcentagem significativa das emergências hospitalares é psiquiátrica; portanto, durante a prática clínica diária, os enfermeiros devem atender a pacientes com sintomas mentais e sinais comportamentais. Para tomar decisões sobre como lidar com essas emergências, o profissional de enfermagem precisa fazer uma avaliação adequada para estabelecer as reais necessidades do paciente. Objetivo. Identificar os instrumentos utilizados pelo serviço de enfermagem para uma avaliação inicial eficaz em emergências psiquiátricas. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados Scopus e PubMed. A equação utilizada foi a da base de dados Scopus (mental AND health AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergency) OR (instruments AND diagnosis AND psychiatric AND emergencies); na PubMed (initial AND assessment AND psychiatric AND patients AND emergency AND diagnosis); a partir do método de busca utilizado, obteve-se um total de 802 fontes que passaram por um processo de seleção, restando 22 publicações para análise. Conclusões. As entrevistas e os questionários são uma ferramenta indispensável. Eles permitem estabelecer um vínculo direto com o paciente, identificar suas preocupações, sintomas e necessidades específicas, garantindo assim seu bem-estar físico e emocional desde o início do atendimento. O uso de escalas de medição varia de acordo com a doença do paciente. O sistema de classificação mais usado é o CID-10 e os registros clínicos sobre histórico familiar e de substâncias, além de aspectos sociodemográficos, são os mais usados e permitem visualizar o perfil geral do paciente de emergência psiquiátrica.

Validity of the Brazilian pediatric triage system CLARIPED at a secondary level of emergency care

Abstract Objective To evaluate the validity of the triage system CLARIPED in a pediatric population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Prospective, observational study in a secondary-level pediatric emergency service from Sep-2018 to Ago-2019. A convenience sample of all patients aged 0-18 years triaged by the computerized CLARIPED system was selected. Associations between urgency levels and patient outcomes were analyzed to assess construct validity. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) to identify the most urgent patients were estimated, as well as under-triage and over-triage rates. Results The distribution of 24,338 visits was: RED 0.02%, ORANGE 0.9%, YELLOW 23.5%, GREEN 47.9%, and BLUE 27.7% (highest to the lowest level of urgency). The frequency of the following outcomes increased with increasing urgency: hospital admission (0.0%, 0.02%, 0.1%, 7.1% and 20%); stay in ED observation room (1.9%, 2,4%, 4.8%, 24.1%, 60%); use of ≥ 2 diagnostic/therapeutic resources (2.3%, 3.0%, 5.9%, 28.8%, 40%); ED length of stay (12, 12, 15, 99.5, 362 min). The most urgent patients (RED, ORANGE, and YELLOW) exhibited higher chances of using ≥ 2 resources (OR 2.55; 95%CI: 2.23-2.92) or of being hospitalized (OR 23.9; 95%CI: 7.17-79.62), compared to the least urgent (GREEN and BLUE). The sensitivity to identify urgency was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.70-0.98); specificity, 0.76 (95%CI: 0.75-0.76); NPV, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00); overtriage rate, 23.0%, and undertriage, 11.5%. Conclusion This study corroborates the validity and safety of CLARIPED, demonstrating significant correlations with clinical outcomes, good sensitivity, and low undertriage rate in a secondary-level Brazilian pediatric emergency service.

Caracterización de los registros de atención en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud mental en Bogotá, 2001-2017 / Characteristics of care delivery records in a mental health service providerinstitution in Bogota, 2001-2017 / Caracterização dos registros de atendimento em uma instituição prestadora deserviços de saúde mental em Bogotá, 2001-2017

Introducción:el abordaje integral de la salud mental es uno de los retos del país en salud pública, dado que la población colombiana ha presentado un deterioro en ese aspectoen los últimos veinte años de acuerdo con el documentoCONPES 3992del2020.Objetivo:Caracterizar los registros individuales de prestación de servicios en atención desalud mental en unainstitución prestadora de servicios enBogotá,Colombia, entre el 2001 y el2017. Métodos:estudio descriptivo trasversal. Se usaron los registros individuales de prestación de servicios como fuente de informacióny se tuvo en cuentaclasificación internacional de enfermedades (CIE-10) Entotal de registros RIPS en salud mental, por equipo interdisciplinario: médico general, médico psiquiatra, enfermería, psicología, trabajo social y terapia ocupacional. Resultados:se analizaron 2.360.295 registros individuales de prestación de servicios en salud mental de la institución seleccionada. Según los registros,el promedio de edad de las personas atendidas era de 47 añosypredominó el sexo femenino con el 52,5%. Los servicios utilizados fueronhospitalización (49,82%), consulta externa (43,42%), urgencias (4,54%)y hospital de día (0,39%). Elmayor número de registros (64,47%) se presentó en el grupo entre los 18 y 59 años de edad; seguido del grupo de 60 años o más (28,50%)y de menores de 18 años (7,03%). Los grupos de diagnóstico principales fueron trastorno psicótico con el 33,38%,depresióncon el 15,39%y ansiedad con el 13,71%. Conclusiones:Son las mujeres quienes más utilizan el servicio (52.5%). Es la hospitalización el servicio más utilizado (49.82%). Son los adultos entre 18 y 59 años quienes más utilizan los servicios (64.47%). Se observa un progresivo incremento en el número de atenciones. Los trastornos mentales severos esquizofrenia y bipolar son los másatendidos (33.38%) seguidos de trastornos de depresión y ansiedad (29%). Las enfermedades medicas generales se presentaron en el (10.95%)de las atenciones.

Introduction: The comprehensive approach to mental health is one of the country's public health challenges, as the Colombian population has deteriorated in this area over the past twenty years, according to the CONPES Document 3992, 2020. Objective:To characterize the individual mental health service delivery records at a service provider institution in Bogota, Colombia, between 2001 and 2017. Methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study. Individual service delivery records were used as a source of information, and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was considered. Total mental health RIPS by interdisciplinary team: general practitioner, psychiatrist, nurse, psychologist, social worker, and occupational therapist. Results:A total of 2,360,295 individualmental health service delivery records from the selected institution were analyzed. According to the records, the average age of the patients was 47 years, and females predominated with 52.5% of the patients. Inpatient (49.82%), outpatient (43.42%), emergency room (4.54%), and day hospital (0.39%) services were used. The highest number of records (64.47 %) were found among the 18-59 years age group, followed by the 60+ year age group (28.50 %) and those under 18 years of age (7.03 %). The main diagnostic groups were psychotic disorder (33.38%), depression (15.39%), and anxiety (13.71%). Conclusions:Women are the main users of the service (52.5%). Hospitalization is the service most frequently used (49.82%). Adults between the ages of 18 and 59 use the services the most (64.47%). There has been a progressive increase in the number of attendances. Severe schizophrenia and bipolar mental disorders are the most treated (33.38%), followed by depression and anxiety (29%). General medical conditions were present in 10.95% of attendances

Introdução:a abordagem integral da saúde mental é um dos desafios do país em saúde pública, visto que a população colombiana tem apresentadouma deterioração neste aspecto nos últimos vinte anos de acordo com o documento Conpes 3992de 2020. Objetivo:Caracterizar os registros individuais de prestação de serviços em saúde mental em uma instituição prestadora de serviços em Bogotá, Colômbia, entre 2001 e 2017. Métodos:estudo descritivo transversal. Usaram-se os registros individuais de prestação de serviços como fonte de informação e considerou-sea classificação internacional de doenças (CID-10). No total de registros RIPS em saúde mental, por equipe interdisciplinar: clínico geral, psiquiatra, enfermagem, psicologia, serviço social e terapia ocupacional. Resultados:Foram analisados 2.360.295 prontuários individuais de prestação de serviço de saúde mental da instituição selecionada. De acordo com os registros, a média de idade das pessoas atendidas foi de 47 anos e o sexo feminino predominou com 52,5%. Os serviços utilizados foram internação (49,82%), ambulatorial (43,42%), emergência (4,54%) e hospital-dia (0,39%). O maior número de registros (64,47%) foi apresentado no grupo entre 18 e 59 anos; seguido pelo grupo de 60 anos ou mais (28,50%) e os menores de 18 anos(7,03%). Os principais grupos diagnósticos foram transtorno psicótico com 33,38%, depressão com 15,39% e ansiedade com 13,71%. Conclusões:As mulheres são as que mais utilizam o serviço (52,5%). A internação é o serviço mais utilizado (49,82%). Os adultosentre 18 e 59 anos são os que mais utilizam os serviços (64,47%). Observa-se um aumento progressivo no número de atenções. Os transtornos mentais graves esquizofrenia e bipolaridadesão os mais atendidos (33,38%) seguidos de depressão e transtornos de ansiedade (29%). Doenças médicas gerais estiveram presentes em (10,95%) dos atendimentos

Telemedicine in healthcare access during the covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review / Telemedicina no acesso à saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Mapping the role of telemedicine in the health access of patients with chronic diseases in continuous care actions (except for covid-19) during the pandemic. METHODS This is a scoping review, with an adapted version of the Prisma-Scr methodology and using the Population (patients with chronic diseases), Concept (telemedicine as a health access tool) and Context (covid-19 pandemic) strategy. We searched through the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs and SciELO, resulting in 18 articles at the end of the review. We used the technological, sociocultural and assistance analysis dimensions. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of the analyzed papers posited that telemedicine use to provide care increased during the pandemic. We identified that this use was positively related to the reduction of complications and the absence of physical displacement for care, expanding it to rural areas. Important barriers were presented, most importantly the digital exclusion, language sociocultural barriers, and inaccessibility to technological instruments for disabled people. CONCLUSIONS Innovation in care arrangements calls attention to how living labor is important to produce healthcare, using various technologies, and reveals tensions caused by the forces acting on healthcare micro politics. We conclude that, despite important barriers, telemedicine contributed to the care of chronic patients during the covid-19 pandemic.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mapear a contribuição da telemedicina para o acesso à saúde dos pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas em ações de cuidados continuados (exceto para covid-19) no contexto da pandemia. MÉTODOS Trata de revisão de escopo, com adaptação da metodologia Prisma-Scr e utilizou a estratégia População (Pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas), Conceito (Telemedicina como ferramenta de acesso à saúde) e Contexto (Pandemia de covid-19). Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs e SciELO, que resultou em um total de 18 artigos ao final da revisão. As dimensões de análise utilizadas foram tecnológica, sociocultural e assistencial. RESULTADOS Entre os artigos analisados, 88% demonstraram o aumento do uso da telemedicina para realização do cuidado durante a pandemia. Identificamos que a utilização da telemedicina esteve relacionada positivamente com a diminuição de complicações e a falta de necessidade de deslocamento físico para o atendimento com ampliação da assistência para áreas rurais. Barreiras importantes foram apresentadas, sendo a exclusão digital e barreiras socioculturais de idioma e falta de acessibilidade dos instrumentos tecnológicos para portadores de deficiência as principais. CONCLUSÕES A inovação nos arranjos assistenciais ressalta a importância do trabalho vivo no processo de produção do cuidado, com o emprego de tipos de tecnologias diversos, e expressa tensionamentos em decorrência das forças atuantes na micropolítica do cuidado. Concluímos que, apesar de barreiras importantes, a telemedicina contribuiu para o cuidado dos pacientes crônicos durante a pandemia de covid-19.

Atendimento às vítimas de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico em uma unidade de referência interiorizada / Care for ischemic stroke victims at an indoor referral unit / Atención a víctimas de ictus isquémico en una unidad hospitalaria de referencia

O atendimento às vítimas de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) precisa ser rápido e efetivo, a fim de reduzir mortalidade e complicações na fase aguda. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil do atendimento prestado às vítimas de AVE isquêmico agudo em um Hospital de Referência no Interior da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo documental, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido através da análise de 31 prontuários de vítimas de AVE Isquêmico atendidas em 2019. Sobre o perfil de atendimento, a admissão via Serviço Móvel de Urgência foi a mais frequente. Não houve registros da aplicação de escalas de avaliação neurológica. Quanto ao tempo de realização das etapas de atendimento, identificou-se que, a partir da média geral do tempo utilizado, o Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco e o acionamento do código de AVEi foram realizados fora do tempo ideal. Enquanto isso, embora o início da neuroimagem tenha sido dentro do tempo preconizado, os resultados dos exames não ficaram disponíveis com celeridade. Quanto à realização da trombólise, embora a média geral de tempo utilizado tenha sido ideal em relação ao início dos sintomas, essa não teve celeridade quando comparada ao tempo de admissão na unidade. Além disso, o tempo para transferência do paciente para unidade de terapia intensiva foi aquém do ideal. Foi identificada também a deficiência nos registros das ações realizadas, inclusive da enfermagem. As fragilidades existentes denotam a necessidade de medidas para aprimoramento dos protocolos e fluxogramas institucionais que permitam maior celeridade no atendimento às vítimas de AVE isquêmico.

The care of stroke victims needs to be fast and effective in order to reduce mortality and complications in the acute phase. Thus, this study aimed to identify the profile of care provided to victims of acute ischemic stroke in a referral hospital in the interior of Bahia. This is a documental, cross-sectional and quantitative study, developed through the analysis of 31 medical records of ischemic stroke victims seen in 2019. About the profile of care, admission via Mobile Emergency Service was the most frequent. There were no records of the application of neurological assessment scales. As for the time to perform the stages of care, it was identified that, from the overall average time used, the Acolhimento with Risk Classification and the triggering of the CVAi code were performed outside the ideal time. Meanwhile, although the neuroimaging started within the recommended time, the test results were not available quickly. As for the performance of thrombolysis, although the overall average time used was ideal in relation to the onset of symptoms, it was not fast when compared to the time of admission to the unit. Moreover, the time to transfer the patient to the intensive care unit was less than ideal. A deficiency was also identified in the records of the actions performed, including those of the nurses. The existing weaknesses denote the need for measures to improve the institutional protocols and flowcharts that allow greater speed in the care of victims of ischemic stroke.

La atención a las víctimas de accidente cerebrovascular debe ser rápida y eficaz para reducir la mortalidad y las complicaciones en la fase aguda. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el perfil de la atención prestada a las víctimas de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo en un hospital de referencia en el interior de Bahía. Se trata de un estudio documental, transversal y cuantitativo, desarrollado a través del análisis de 31 historias clínicas de víctimas de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico atendidas en 2019. Sobre el perfil de atención, la admisión a través del Servicio de Emergencia Móvil fue la más frecuente. No hubo registros de aplicación de escalas de valoración neurológica. En cuanto al tiempo para realizar las etapas de la atención, se identificó que, del tiempo promedio global utilizado, el Acolhimento con Clasificación de Riesgo y el disparo del código CVAi se realizaron fuera del tiempo ideal. Entretanto, a pesar de que la neuroimagen se inició dentro del tiempo recomendado, los resultados de las pruebas no estuvieron disponibles rápidamente. En cuanto a la realización de la trombolisis, aunque el tiempo medio global utilizado fue ideal en relación con el inicio de los síntomas, no fue rápido si se compara con el tiempo de ingreso en la unidad. Además, el tiempo de traslado del paciente a la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue inferior al ideal. También se identificó una deficiencia en los registros de las acciones realizadas, incluidos los de las enfermeras. Las debilidades existentes denotan la necesidad de medidas para mejorar los protocolos y flujogramas institucionales que permitan mayor rapidez en la atención de las víctimas de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico.

Concepción del servicio de urgencia desde la mirada de la Enfermería / Conception on Emergency Service from the Nursing Perspective

Introducción: Los servicios de urgencia constituyen entornos donde confluyen múltiples profesiones. En este contexto, los profesionales de Enfermería se muestran como coordinadores en medio de las situaciones complejas que se generan. Por tanto, se necesita concebirlo desde la visión de cada profesional en particular, pues las visiones profesionales se convierten en un elemento a tener en cuenta. Objetivo: Sistematizar la concepción de servicio de urgencia desde una perspectiva de Enfermería. Métodos: Revisión integrativa para un análisis crítico reflexivo de contenidos de documentos publicados durante 5 años, desde 2015 al 2019, con clara metodología y referencial teórico seleccionado durante los meses de octubre-diciembre del 2020. Se utilizaron las palabras clave identificadas en DeCS y operadores booleanos: "satisfacción" AND "servicios de atención de urgencia" AND "enfermería" OR "atención de enfermería". La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos Dialnet, Index, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses para contribuir a la formulación de la estrategia de búsqueda. Conclusiones: La sistematización sobre las concepciones de servicio de urgencias revelan que la Enfermería es protagonista en los procesos que se gestan en este espacio físico y de relaciones humanas; espacio en el que convergen los servicios de salud y de cuyos resultados depende el flujo de acciones posteriores para el cuidado de la salud humana en condiciones complejas, en el que se desarrollan procesos terapéuticos a partir de las relaciones multiprofesionales volcadas a la solución de los problemas de salud del ser humano(AU)

Introduction: Emergency services are settings where multiple professions converge. In this context, nursing professionals are coordinators amidst the complex situations that occur. Therefore, emergency services need to be conceived from the point of view of each professional individually, since particular professional visions become an element to be taken into account. Objective: To systematize the conception on emergency services from a nursing perspective. Methods: An integrative review was carried out aimed at a reflexive critical analysis of contents from documents published during 5 years, from 2015 to 2019, with a clear methodology and theoretical referents, selected during the months of October-December 2020. Keywords identified in DeCS, together with Boolean operators, were used: satisfacción [satisfaction] AND servicios de atención de urgencia [emergency care services] AND enfermeria [nursing] OR atención de enfermería [nursing care]. The search was performed in the databases Dialnet, Index, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed. The flowchart Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses was used for contributing to the formulation of the search strategy. Conclusions: The systematized conceptions about emergency service reveal that nursing is a protagonist in the processes taking place in this physical setting of human relations. Health services converge in such setting, decisive for the flow of subsequent actions aimed at caring for human health in complex conditions, and where therapeutic processes are developed based on multiprofessional relationships aimed at solving the health problems of the human being(AU)

Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in Pelotas: design and baseline results / Uso serviços de serviços de urgência e emergência e Inteligência Artificial em Pelotas: protocolo e resultados iniciais

RESUMO Objetivo: To describe the initial baseline results of a population-based study, as well as a protocol in order to evaluate the performance of different machine learning algorithms with the objective of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in a representative sample of adults from the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Methods: The study is entitled "Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)" (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Between September and December 2021, a baseline was carried out with participants. A follow-up was planned to be conducted after 12 months in order to assess the use of urgent and emergency services in the last year. Afterwards, machine learning algorithms will be tested to predict the use of urgent and emergency services over one year. Results: In total, 5,722 participants answered the survey, mostly females (66.8%), with an average age of 50.3 years. The mean number of household people was 2.6. Most of the sample has white skin color and incomplete elementary school or less. Around 30% of the sample has obesity, 14% diabetes, and 39% hypertension. Conclusion: The present paper presented a protocol describing the steps that were and will be taken to produce a model capable of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in one year among residents of Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul state.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os resultados iniciais da linha de base de um estudo de base populacional, bem como um protocolo para avaliar o desempenho de diferentes algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, com o objetivo de predizer a demanda de serviços de urgência e emergência em uma amostra representativa de adultos da zona urbana de Pelotas, no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: O estudo intitula-se "Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)" (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Entre setembro e dezembro de 2021, foi realizada uma linha de base com os participantes. Está previsto um acompanhamento após 12 meses para avaliar a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no último ano. Em seguida, serão testados algoritmos de machine learning para predizer a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no período de um ano. Resultados: No total, 5.722 participantes responderam à pesquisa, a maioria do sexo feminino (66,8%), com idade média de 50,3 anos. O número médio de pessoas no domicílio foi de 2,6. A maioria da amostra tem cor da pele branca e ensino fundamental incompleto ou menos. Cerca de 30% da amostra estava com obesidade, 14% com diabetes e 39% eram hipertensos. Conclusão: O presente trabalho apresentou um protocolo descrevendo as etapas que foram e serão tomadas para a produção de um modelo capaz de prever a demanda por serviços de urgência e emergência em um ano entre moradores de Pelotas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Systemic emergency department performance in a low resource tertiary health facility in central Kenya: Micro level emergency care system evaluation

Introduction Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) is integrated into modern emergency medical services because of its suggested mortality benefit in certain patient populations, it is an expensive resource and appropriate use/feasibility in low- to middle income countries (LMIC) is highly debated. To maximise benefit, correct patient selection in HEMS is paramount. To achieve this, current practices first need to be described. The study aims to describe a population of patients utilising HEMS in South Africa, in terms of flight data, patient demographics, provisional diagnosis, as well as clinical characteristics and interventions. Methods A retrospective flight- and patient-chart review were conducted, extracting clinical and mission data of a single aeromedical operator in South Africa, over a 12-month period (July 2017 ­ June 2018) in Gauteng, Free State, Mpumalanga and North-West provinces. Results A total of 916 cases were included (203 primary cases, 713 interfacility transport (IFT) cases). Most patients transported were male (n=548, 59.8%) and suffered blunt trauma (n=379, 41.4%). Medical pathology (n=247, 27%) and neonatal transfers (n=184, 20.1%) follows. Flights occurred mainly in daylight hours (n=729, 79.6%) with median mission times of 1-hour 53 minutes (primary missions), and 3 hours 10 minutes (IFT missions). Median on-scene times were 26 minutes (primary missions) and 55 minutes (IFT missions). Almost half were transported with an endotracheal tube (n=428, 46.7%), with a large number receiving no respiratory support (n=414, 45.2%). No patients received fibrinolysis, defibrillation, cardioversion or cardiac pacing. Intravenous fluid therapy (n=867, 94.7%) was almost universal, with common administration of sedation (n=430, 46.9%) and analgesia (n=329, 35.9%). Conclusion Apart from the lack of universal call-out criteria and response to the high burden of trauma, HEMS seem to fulfil an important critical care transport role. It seems that cardiac pathologies are under-represented in this study and might have an important implication for crew training requirements.

Challenges and opportunities to improve efficiency and quality of prehospital emergency care using an mHealth platform: Qualitative study in Rwanda

Introduction: Prompt, high-quality pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to identify factors that compromise efficiency and quality of pre-hospital emergency care in Rwanda, and explore the opportunities for a mobile health (mHealth) tool to address these challenges. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals representing four stakeholder groups: EMS dispatch staff, ambulance staff, hospital staff, and policymakers. A semi-structured interview guide explored participants' perspectives on all aspects of the pre-hospital emergency care continuum, from receiving a call at dispatch to hospital handover. Participants were asked how the current system could be improved, and the potential utility of an mHealth tool to address existing challenges. Interviews were audio-recorded, and transcripts were thematically analyzed using NVivo. Results: Stakeholders identified factors that compromise the efficiency and quality of care across the prehospital emergency care continuum: triage at dispatch, dispatching the ambulance, locating the emergency, coordinating patient care at scene, preparing the receiving hospital, and patient handover to the hospital. They identified four areas where an mHealth tool could improve care: efficient location of the emergency, streamline communication for decision making, documentation with real-time communication, and routine data for quality improvement. While stakeholders identified advantages of an mHealth tool, they also mentioned challenges that would need to be addressed, namely: limited internet bandwidth, capacity to maintain and update software, and risks of data security breaches that could lead to stolen or lost data. Conclusion: Despite the success of Rwanda's EMS system, this study highlights factors across the care continuum that could compromise quality and efficiency of prehospital emergency care. Mobile health tools hold great promise to address these challenges, but contextual issues need to be considered to ensure sustainability of use.

Cambios comparativos en la asistencia de pacientes al servicio de emergencia durante la primera ola en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas entre el 2019 y 2020 / Comparative changes in emergency department patient attendance at the pediatric emergency hospital during the first wave between 2019 and 2020

RESUMEN La pandemia de la COVID-19 cambió el patrón de asistencia de los pacientes a los centros de salud. Se describen los cambios comparativos en la asistencia de pacientes pediátricos que acudieron al servicio de Emergencia del Hospital de emergencias Pediátricas de Lima, Perú, entre las semanas epidemiológicas 10 a 48 del 2019 y 2020. Se analizaron datos sociodemográficos, condición del paciente, tipo de seguro y diagnóstico agrupado según código CIE-10. Se encontró una reducción del 48,2% en el número de atenciones en el 2020 con respecto al 2019 y un aumento de cinco veces el número de atenciones procedentes de localidades diferentes de Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, se encontró un aumento del 27% en la probabilidad del diagnóstico de «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias¼ y una disminución del 61% en la probabilidad de diagnóstico de «enfermedades del sistema respiratorio¼.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic changed the pattern of patient attendance at healthcare facilities. We describe the comparative changes in the attendance of pediatric patients at the Emergency Department of the Pediatric Emergency Hospital of Lima, Peru, between epidemiological weeks 10 to 48 of 2019 and 2020. Sociodemographic data, patient condition, type of insurance and diagnosis grouped according to ICD-10 code were analyzed. We found a 48.2% reduction in the number of visits in 2020 when compared to 2019, and a five-fold increase in the number of visits from localities other than Metropolitan Lima. Likewise, the probability of diagnosis of "infectious and parasitic diseases" increased by 27% and the probability of diagnosis of "diseases of the respiratory system" decreased by 61%.

Sexual Violence Suffered by Women in Early and Late Adolescence: Care Provided and Follow-Up / Violência sexual sofrida por mulheres na adolescência precoce e tardia: Cuidado dispensado e seguimento

Abstract Objective To compare the sexual violence suffered by women in early and late adolescence, the reactions triggered after the aggression, and the care provided. Methods A retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of 521 female adolescents treated by a multidisciplinary team at a reference hospital in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, and those pertainin to the characteristics of the episodes of violence, the emergency care, and the physical and psychological reactions observed during the follow-up. For the analysis, the sample was divided into groups of early (10 to 14 years) and late (15 to 18 years) adolescence. We used the Chi-squared/Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare the groups; the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results The early group (n= 242) contained more adolescents who were enrolled in school (p< 0.001), suffered more daytime aggressions (p= 0.031), in their residences (p< 0.001), by an aggressor with whom they were acquainted (p< 0.001), had greater need of legal protection (p= 0.001), and took longer to seek care (p= 0.048). Feelings of guilt, shame, and the perception of violence were similar between the groups. In the late group (n= 279), there was greater consumption of alcohol during the aggression (p= 0,005); they received significantly more prophylaxis treatments; reported more physical symptoms (p= 0.033), sleep disorders (p= 0.003), symptoms of anxiety (p= 0.045), and feelings of anguish (p= 0.011); and had more prescriptions of psychotropics (p= 0.005). Only 52% completed the 6-month follow-up, with no differences between the groups. Conclusion The age groups showed differences in the characteristics of the episodes of violence; early adolescents took longer to seek help, and the late group presented more intense symptoms and psychological worsening during the follow-up. Measures of prevention and specific care aimed at this population are needed.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a violência sexual sofrida por vítimas no início e no final da adolescência, as reações desencadeadas após a agressão, e o cuidado de saúde dispensado. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, em que foram revisados os prontuários de 521 mulheres adolescentes atendidas por equipe multiprofissional em hospital de referência em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas, e aquelas relativas às características da violência, ao atendimento de emergência, e às reações físicas e psicológicas observadas durante o seguimento nos grupos de adolescentes de idade precoce (10a 14 anos) e tardia (15 a 18 anos). Utilizamos os testes do Qui-quadrado/Exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis para comparar os grupos; adotamos o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O grupo precoce (n= 242) continha maior número de estudantes (p< 0,001), que sofreram mais agressões diurnas (p= 0,031), em suas residências (p< 0,001), por agressor conhecido (p< 0,001), tiveram maior necessidade de proteção legal (p= 0,001), e demoraram mais a procurar atendimento (p= 0,048). Sentimentos de culpa, vergonha e a percepção da violência foram similares entre os grupos. No grupo tardio (n= 279) houve maior consumo de álcool durante a agressão (p= 0,005); as adolescentes receberam significativamente mais tratamentos de profilaxia; relataram mais sintomas físicos (p= 0,033), distúrbios do sono (p= 0,003), sintomas de ansiedade (p= 0,045), e sentimentos de angústia (p= 0,011); e receberam mais prescrições de psicotrópicos (p= 0,005). Apenas 52% completaram o seguimento de 6 meses, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão Os grupos apresentaram diferenças nas características da violência; as adolescentes precoces chegaram mais tardiamente ao serviço, e o grupo tardio apresentou maior sintomatologia e piora psicológica no seguimento. São necessárias medidas de prevenção e cuidados específicos voltados a essa população.

Validity of the computerized version of the pediatric triage system CLARIPED for emergency care

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the validity of the computerized version of the pediatric triage system CLARIPED. Methods: Prospective, observational study in a tertiary emergency department (ED) from Jan-2018 to Jan-2019. A convenience sample of patients aged 0-18 years who had computerized triage and outcome variables registered. Construct validity was assessed through the association between urgency levels and patient outcomes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVand NPV), undertriage, and overtriage rates were assessed. Results: 19,122 of 38,321 visits were analyzed. The urgency levels were: RED (emergency) 0.02%, ORANGE (high urgency) 3.21%, YELLOW (urgency) 35.69%, GREEN (low urgency) 58.46%, and BLUE (no urgency) 2.62%. The following outcomes increased according to the increase in the level of urgency: hospital admission (0.4%, 0.6%, 3.1%, 11.9% and 25%), stay in the ED observation room (2.8%, 4.7%, 15.9%, 40.4%, 50%), ≥ 2 diagnostic or therapeutic resources (7.8%, 16.5%, 33.7%, 60.6%, 75%), and ED length of stay in minutes (18, 24, 67,120, 260). The odds of using ≥ 2 resources or being hospitalized were significantly greater in the most urgent patients (Red, Orange, and Yellow) compared to the least urgent (Green and Blue): OR 7.88 (95%CI: 5.35-11.6) and OR 2.85 (95%CI: 2.63-3.09), respectively. The sensitivity to identify urgency was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.77-0.85); specificity, 0.62 (95%CI: 0.61-0.6; NPV, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00); overtriage rate, 4.28% and undertriage, 18.41%. Conclusion: The computerized version of CLARIPED is a valid and safe pediatric triage system, with a significant correlation with clinical outcomes, good sensitivity, and low undertriage rate.

Cuerpos extraños en otorrinolaringología: Experiencia en Clínica Santa María / Foreign bodies in otolaryngology: Experience at Clínica Santa María

Resumen Introducción: Los cuerpos extraños (CE) en oído, nariz y vía aéreodigestiva superior son el 30% de las urgencia en otorrinolaringología (ORL). No existen datos epidemiológicos nacionales que describan la casuística de CE. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de pacientes con diagnóstico de CE evaluados, entre el 2013-2018 en Clínica Santa María de Santiago, Chile. Describir las características de los CE, ubicación, método de extracción y complicaciones. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, basado en revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de CE, analizando variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Resultados: Se revisaron 1.847 casos con diagnóstico de CE, confirmando 1.494. La mayoría de sexo masculino (53,3%), con un promedio de edad de 16,5 años (rango de 0-95 años). Los CE más prevalentes fueron ótico (52,9%) y nasal (27,9%). El síntoma asociado más frecuente fue la sensación de CE (18,1%). El diagnóstico fue principalmente por examen físico (84%), requiriéndose exámenes complementarios en 18,2%. La extracción fue ambulatoria en su mayoría (84,6%), requiriendo extracción en pabellón el 12,5%. El 5,5% presentó complicaciones, y la tasa de letalidad fue de 0,07%. Conclusión: Esta casuística, única a nivel nacional, nos permite conocer la epidemiología de los CE. Un bajo porcentaje de pacientes fue de riesgo vital, pero el manejo oportuno permite una baja tasa de complicaciones y letalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the ear, nose and upper airway-digestive tract are 30% of the emergencies in otolaryngology (ORL). There is no national epidemiological data that describes the FB casuistry. Aim: To describe the epidemiology of patients who have a diagnosis of a FB evaluated, between 2013-2018, at Santa María Clinic in Santiago, Chile. To describe the characteristics of FB, location, method of removal, and complications. Material and Method: A descriptive and retrospective study, based on review of clinical records of patients with the diagnosis of FB, analyzing epidemiological and clinical variables. Results: 1847 cases with a diagnosis of FB were reviewed, of which 1494 were confirmed. Most were male (53.3%), with an average age of 16.5 years (range 0-95 years). The most prevalent FB locations were otic (52.9%) and nasal (27.9%). The most frequent associated symptom was sensation of a FB (18.1%). The diagnosis was fundamentally based on physical examination (84%), requiring complementary tools in 18.2%. The extraction was mostly ambulatory (84.6%), requiring extraction in the operation room in 12.5%. 5.5% presented complications, and the fatality rate was 0.07%. Conclusion: This casuistry is unique at the national level, and allows us to know the epidemiology of FB. A low percentage of patients correspond to life-threatening locations, but timely management allows a low rate of complications and fatality.

Atención de urgencias maxilofaciales durante la pandemia por la COVID-19, Granma 2021

RESUMEN Introducción: En la pandemia por la COVID-19 se implementaron nuevas medidas en todos los sectores, uno de estos fue en la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial, donde no se dejaron de prestar atención a pacientes con urgencias. Objetivo: Caracterizar las urgencias maxilofaciales atendidas en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" en Manzanillo, durante la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en 358 pacientes, entre septiembre de 2020 hasta abril de 2021. Se estudiaron las variables: grupos de edades, sexo, mes de atención, motivo de urgencia maxilofacial, conducta terapéutica y pacientes con sintomatología relacionados con la COVID-19. Resultados: El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 60 y más (22,6 %), con predominio del sexo masculino (54,2 %). Se atendió la mayoría de los pacientes en los meses de noviembre y diciembre (20,3 %), las urgencias maxilofaciales que predominaron fueron los traumatismos maxilofaciales (31,8 %), seguido por las celulitis faciales (23,7 %). En cuanto a la conducta terapéutica, en el tratamiento conservador tuvo mayor porcentaje el medicamentoso (88,3 %), mientras que en el tratamiento quirúrgico predominó la sutura de heridas (18,2 %). El síntoma de mayor incidencia fue la fiebre (3,4 %). El 61,5 % de los cirujanos maxilofaciales se contagió con COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las urgencias maxilofaciales son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino, predominan los traumatismos maxilofaciales y las celulitis faciales. El servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial es vulnerable a la infección por el coronavirus.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, new safety measures were implemented in all sectors. However, the Maxillofacial Surgery specialty kept on, where emergency patients were not left unattended. Objective: To characterize the maxillofacial emergencies attended at the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" in Manzanillo, during the COVID-19 related epidemiological situation. Method: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was applied on 358 patients in the period between September 2020 and April 2021. The variables studied were as follow: age groups, sex, month when patients were attended, maxillofacial emergency´s motive, therapeutic behavior and patients with COVID-19 related symptoms. Results: The most affected age group was ≥ 60 (22.6%), with predominance in male sex (54.2%). Most patients were attended in November and December (20.3%), the predominated maxillofacial emergencies were those associated to maxillofacial trauma (31.8%), followed by facial cellulitis (23.7%). In terms of treatment, the highest percentage of conservative treatment was associated with the medicamentation (88.3 %), while wound suturing practice predominated in surgical treatment (18.2 %). The symptom with the highest incidence was fever (3.4 %). The 61.5 % of the maxillofacial surgeons were infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: Maxillofacial emergencies are more frequent in males; maxillofacial trauma and facial cellulitis predominate. The maxillofacial surgery service is vulnerable to the coronavirus infection.

RESUMO Introdução: Na pandemia do COVID-19, novas medidas foram implementadas em todos os setores, uma delas foi na especialidade de Cirurgia Buco Maxilo Facial, onde o atendimento aos pacientes de urgência não foi interrompido. Objetivo: Caracterizar as emergências bucomaxilofaciais atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas Cirúrgicas "Celia Sánchez Manduley" de Manzanillo, durante a situação epidemiológica causada pelo COVID-19. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado em 358 pacientes, entre setembro de 2020 e abril de 2021. Foram estudadas as variáveis: faixa etária, sexo, mês de atendimento, motivo da emergência bucomaxilofacial, conduta terapêutica e pacientes com sintomas relacionados ao COVID-19. Resultados: A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 60 anos e mais (22,6%), com predomínio do sexo masculino (54,2%). A maioria dos pacientes foi atendida nos meses de novembro e dezembro (20,3%), as emergências bucomaxilofaciais que prevaleceram foram traumatismos bucomaxilofaciais (31,8%), seguidas de celulite facial (23,7%). Em relação à conduta terapêutica, no tratamento conservador o tratamento medicamentoso teve maior percentual (88,3%), enquanto no tratamento cirúrgico prevaleceu a sutura das feridas (18,2%). O sintoma com maior incidência foi a febre (3,4%). 61,5% dos cirurgiões maxilofaciais foram infectados com COVID-19. Conclusões: As emergências maxilofaciais são mais frequentes no sexo masculino, predominam traumas maxilofaciais e celulite facial. O serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial está vulnerável à infecção por coronavírus.

Climate change and demand of emergency care in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Both the frequency and severity of heat stress-related health problems have been increasing globally, probably due to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published a landmark climate report, the 6th Assessment Report, which shocked the world. It emphasized that anthropogenic activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, oil, gas, and coal, were responsible for climate change. The combination of population aging, and increased temperatures has meant that the number of people requiring emergency transport for heatstroke has been increasing in Japan from 2008 to 2020. The increase in ambient temperatures and the number of patients requiring emergency transport were strongly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient: r=0.669 and P=0.008). Like many human activities, medical care is resource intensive and contributes significantly to climate change through the consumption of energy and water, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases. As healthcare professionals, we need to be cognizant of how our eco-friendly activities both on and off the job can contribute to saving both the patients and us.

The University of Santo Tomas Hospital (USTH) 2022 Institutional Chest Pain Pathway: Approach to diagnosis, risk stratification, and management

@#This clinical pathway for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients presenting with acute chest pain, including acute coronary syndromes, provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to diagnose, risk stratify, and manage acute chest pain in adult patients. The writing committee reviewed existing international and local guidelines. Modifications to the algorithm following face-to-face and virtual meetings resulted in expert decisions written as recommendations and presented in a flow diagram format. The USTH Chest Pain Pathway provides guidance based on current guidelines and recommendations on assessing and evaluating acute chest pain, tailored to local needs and institution-specific facilities. We recommend its use to ensure quality patient care in the hospital.

Trauma unit admissions at the Ugandan National Referral Hospital: a descriptive study

Background: Injuries are a neglected epidemic globally accounting for 9% global deaths; 1.7 times that of HIV, TB and malaria combined. Trauma remains overlooked with key research and data focusing on infectious diseases, yet Uganda has one of the highest rates of traumatic injury. We described demographics of patients admitted to Mulago Hospital's Shock Trauma Unit within the Emergency Department. Methods: This was a retrospective record review Trauma Unit admission from July 2012 to December 2015. Information collected included: age, sex, time of admission, indication for admission and mechanism of trauma. Results: 834 patient records were reviewed. The predominant age group was 18-35 with majority of patients being male. 54% of patients presented during daytime with 46% admitted in the evening hours or overnight. Mechanism of injury was documented in 484 cases. The most common mechanism was Road Traffic Accident (67.4%), followed by assault (12.8%) and mob violence (5.6%). The most common indication for admission was traumatic brain injury (84.5%), followed by hemodynamic instability (20.0%) and blunt chest injury (6.1%). Conclusion: There's a significant burden of high-acuity injury particularly among males with RTAs as the leading cause of admission associated with Traumatic Brain Injury as main admission indication

The Status of Facility Based Emergency Care in Public Hospitals of Ethiopia Using WHO Assessment Tool

BACKGROUND: The availability of emergency care contributes to half of the total mortality burden in a low and middle income countries. The significant proportion of emergency departments in LMICs are understaffed and poorly equipped. The purpose of this study is to examine the status of emergency units and to describe the facilitators and barriers to the provision of facility-based emergency care at selected Ethiopian public hospitals. METHODS: A mixed-methods explanatory design was used. Ten hospitals were purposively selected due to their high number of patients and referral service. A WHO facility assessment tool was used to quantitatively assess the facilities, and an in-depth interview with hospital and emergency room leadership was conducted. The quantitative results were descriptively analyzed, and the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. RESULT: This survey included a total of ten hospitals. Three of the facilities were general hospitals, and seven were tertiary level hospitals. They all were equipped with an emergency room. All of the studied hospitals serve a population of over one million people. In terms of infrastructure, only 3/10 (30%) have adequate water supply, and alf (5/10) have telephone access in their ED. The qualitative resultshowedthat the most common barriers to emergency care delivery were prolonged patient stays in the emergency room, inadequate equipment, and a shortage of trained professionals. CONCLUSION: The status of emergency care in Ethiopia is still developing, and hospital care as a whole should improve to alleviate the high burden of care in emergency rooms and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Violência no trabalho: vivências e estratégias de enfrentamento por enfermeiros de unidades de pronto atendimento

RESUMO Objetivo: Revelar as vivências e as estratégias de enfrentamento diante da violência no trabalho sofrida por enfermeiros de Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido entre novembro e dezembro de 2018 por meio de entrevistas individuais e gravadas em áudio, com 21 enfermeiros de duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de uma cidade localizada no interior do Paraná, Brasil. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Foram identificadas quatro categorias: 1) Motivos para a violência no trabalho de enfermagem; 2) desdobramento da violência no trabalho de enfermagem; 3) os sentimentos dos enfermeiros em relação à violência no trabalho; e 4) as estratégias de enfrentamento dos enfermeiros diante da violência no trabalho. As vivências de violência estão relacionadas à demora na assistência, ser mulher e exercer atividades públicas. Quanto às estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas estiveram pautadas com o comunicar às autoridades locais, exercer a escuta ativa e empatia, manter a calma e a espiritualidade. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros têm um olhar crítico e abrangente sobre a violência que sofrem no ambiente laboral das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento advindos dos pacientes e acompanhantes devido a fatores como demora no atendimento, recursos humanos em quantidade não adequada, alta demanda de pacientes, bem como a questão de preconceitos com trabalhadores do sexo feminino na enfermagem.

ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the experiences and coping strategies in the face of workplace violence suffered by nurses in Emergency Care Units. Material and Method: Qualitative study conducted between November and December 2018 through individual and audio-recorded interviews with 21 nurses from two Emergency Care Units in a city located in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For data analysis, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used. Results: The following four categories were identified: 1) Motives for violence in the nursing work; 2) Violence escalation in the nursing work process; 3) The nurse's feelings concerning work-related violence; and 4) The coping strategies among nurses in the face of work-related violence. The experiences of violence were related to delayed care, being a woman and holding important public activities. The coping strategies used were communicating to local authorities, practicing exercising active listening and empathy, keeping calm and spirituality. Conclusions: Nurses have a critical and comprehensive view of the violence they suffer in the work environment of Emergency Care Units from patients and companions due to factors such as delayed care, inadequate human resources, high patient demand, and prejudice against female nursing workers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las vivencias y estrategias de afrontamiento ante la violencia laboral que sufren los enfermeros en Servicios de Atención de Urgencia. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo cuya recolección de datos se realizó entre noviembre y diciembre de 2018 a través de entrevistas individuales y grabadas en audio, a 21 enfermeras de dos Servicios de Atención de Urgencias de una ciudad del interior de Paraná, Brasil. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: Fueron identificadas cuatro categorías, a saber: 1) Los motivos de la violencia en el trabajo de enfermería; 2) Desdoblamientos de la violencia en el proceso de trabajo de Enfermería; 3) Los sentimientos del enfermero o la enfermera frente a la violencia laboral y 4) Los enfrentamientos utilizados por enfermeros y enfermeras frente a la violencia laboral. Las experiencias de violencia estuvieron relacionadas con el retraso en el cuidado, ser mujer y ejercer actividades públicas. Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas son la comunicación a las autoridades locales, el ejercicio de la escucha activa y la empatía, el mantenimiento de la calma y la espiritualidad. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras tienen una mirada crítica e integral sobre la violencia que sufren en el ambiente de trabajo de las Unidades de Atención de Urgencia de pacientes y acompañantes, en donde están presentes factores como la demora en la atención, recursos humanos inadecuados, alta demanda de pacientes, así como los prejuicios contra las trabajadoras de enfermería.

Application of "locate the asset" emergency care in the rescue of patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of the "locate the asset" emergency care, which is to determine the emergency care according to patients and their locations, in the emergency care of patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy.Methods:Ninety-five patients with brain tumor-associated epilepsy were selected for the study, of which 44 patients were in the control group and were resuscitated with traditional emergency care, while 51 patients were in the experimental group and were resuscitated with "locate the asset" emergency care. The resuscitation time, the incidence of secondary injuries and the satisfaction of patients with epilepsy resuscitation in the two groups were compared.Results:The resuscitation time of the experimental group was (175.00±0.09) s that is lower than that of the control group (420.00±1.08) s ( P<0.05). The incidence of secondary injury in the experimental group was 5.88% that is lower than that of the control group (15.90%) ( P<0.05). All indicators of physician satisfaction with emergency care in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The "locate the asset" emergency care can help standardize the management of epilepsy resuscitation care, improve the quality of resuscitation, and achieve the optimization of nursing resources.